Ancient+Greece

= Ancient Greece = = 1900 B.C.- 133 B.C. =

Ancient Greece started with the Mycenaean State, the first city-state in Greece. They were part of the Indo-European family, made of of powerful monarchs. They were warrior people who took pride in in there deeds and sacrifice in battle. The Mycenaen civilization collapsed and Greece entered the Dark Age. The Dark Age went from 1100 to 750 B.C. Many greeks sailed the Aegean Sea to different islands. During the Dark Age the Aeolian Greeks moved to southwestern Greece. Towards the end of the Dark age trade started up again and farming came back into action. In the eight century B.C. the Phoenician alphabet was adopted by the Greeks. Homer was an auther of the who wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey. These Iliad was the first written, in which Helen, the wife of the king of Sparta, is kidnapped by the Trojans. The Spartans are outraged and attack Troy for ten years. After ten years of fighting they pretend to retreart and build a hallow wooden horse and hide men inside of it. They givie the Trojans this as as "gift of defeat" and they take it in their walls. Later that night when the Trojans are celebrating victory the soilders in the horse sneak out and let in the whole army and they destroy Troy.The Odyssey tells the journey of Odysseus after he takes glory for that battle and doesnt share with Posiedon, who helped them win the war. Posiedon is angry with Odysseus and makes his journey home difficult and he takes fifty years to get home. The Greek city-state Sparta was based of warriors. When children were born they were tested for any deformaties, and if they had any there were thrown of the mountain so Sparta didnt "waste" and food, water or time raising the child if it couldnt fight. For all Spartan boys when you turned 7 you were sent to the barracks for training. They were given enough food to survive but if they wanted to be full they would need to steal food, which taught them how to be cautions and take care of themselves if they had to. For Spartans dying on the battlefield was an honor. Sparta was ruled by an oligarghy controled by two kings.

The persians were trying to expand there empire into Greece. They landed on the plain of Marathon on 26 miles from Athens. The Athenian Army defeated the Persians, even though they were outnumbered. Xereses took the throne of Persia after his father died and invaded Greece. The persians invaded with 180 thousand soilders. The Greek treid to stop them at Thermopalye with 7,000 Greek soilders and 300 Spartan soilders. They Greeks ended up defeating the Persians in the end of the war. After the the Persian war Greece was divided into two major city-states, Sparta and Athens. These were two completely different city-states and Sparta could not tolerate Athens growing any larger so they declared war on Athens, whcih started the Great Peloponnesian War. The Athens held up in there city walls while Sparta surrounded them hoping they would come out and fight. A Plauge grew in Athens, and they held of for about twenty-six years buy then the Spartans finally took over and AThens surrendered. []- Greek Gods and Goddesses []- Improtant people in ancient Greece []- The Olympics []- Important Wars

Homer- Author of the Iliad and the Odyssey, mojor role in Greek culture and made a huge impact on literature for ever. Xerxes- Persiam Empreror who succeded his father Darues l and contiuned with his plans of invading Greece, but ended up failing at his attempt. Pheidippides-Ran the 26 mile run Marathon to Athens. To yell "Rejoice, we conquer!" and fell dead after he delivered the message. King Leonidas- Gereral who led 300 Spartan soilders in the battle of Thermopayle. THey all died in the battle buy held of the Persians which critically helped Greece in the war. Darius- Father of Xerxes Persian Empire tried to conquer Greece at Marathon. He died preparing another army to invade Greece with.

Phalanx- A wall of shileds created by foot soilders marching close toghether in a rectangular formation. Main style of fighting used by the Spartan warriors. Marathon- The city-state 26 miles away fro from Athens. Pheidippides made his famous run from here to AThens which gave us the distance and the name for the marathon today. Thermopyle- The battle along the main road into central Greece were 7,00 Greek soilders and 300 Spartan soilders held off the Persians Epic Poems- The Iliad and the Odyssey written by Homer. Told of Heros striving for the greater good, reat impact on greek philosohpy. Acropolis- place of refuge during an atttack and someimes came to be a religious center on which temples and public buildings were built

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2000 B.C.- Minoan Civilzation invaded Greek Mainland. 1250 B.C.- Trojan war. Myceneans vs. Troy. 1150 B.C.- Spartans settled valley of Laconia. 1100 B.C.- Dark ages began. 700 B.C.- Atiica unified Polis. 492 B.C.- Persian wars began. 490 B.C. - Battle of Marathon. 480 B.C.- Battle of Thermopyle. 479 B.C.- Battle of Platea. Greeks defeated Persians. 429 B.C.- Plague of Athens. wipes out 1/3 of population.