European+Nationalism

European Nationalism Brodie Black, & Jake Blotsky "This belongs to me!" - Czar Alexander I media type="custom" key="18620970" This time period was a very conflicting time period. There were many changes going on to the European nations at this time to ensure more equality and that not one person would hold to much power. If there were revolutions they would be immediatley stopped and the monarchy no longer had a ton of power. More people had rights such as men when universal male suffrage came into play and conservatism. Although some people came along and took a lot of control most of the time during this period was well balanced society for the time. One such person was Louis Napolean who became the king and eventually turned his Republic into an Empire. Many people agreed with Louis Napoleon but some did not and eventually his reign ended. There was a Congress at Vienna stared to eventually create a balance of power in the European nations. Eventually Austria, Great Britain, Prussian and eventually France became the balance of power in Europe.



Terms: Principle of Legitimacy- Meant that lawful monarchs from the royal families that had ruled before Napopleon would be restored to their positions of power in order to keep peace and stability in Europe. Conservatism- This was based on tradition and social stability. Most conservatives at that time favored obedience to political authority and believed that organized religion was crucial to order in society. Liberalism- This was a political philosophy based largely on Enlightenment principles, held that people should be as free as possible from government restraint. Militarism- This means the reliance on military strength. During this period of time Prussia relied heavily on militarism. Realpolitik- "politics of reality." These politices were based on practical matters rather than on theory or ethics. Multinational State- Kaiser- This means caesar in German. William the I was the first kaiser of the Second German Empire. Plebiscite- This means popular vote. When Louis Napoleon returend to the people to ask for the restoration of the empire 97% responded with a yes vote. Emancipation- The act of setting free, which is what Alexander issued on March 3, 1861 to free the serfs. Abolitionism- A movement to end slavery, this movement arose in the North and challenged the Southern way of life. People: Klemens von Metternich- Leader of the congress of vienna, he claimed that he was guided at Vienna by the principle of legitimacy. Otto von Bismarck- He was open about his strong dislike of anyone who opposed him. He was very militaristic and was appointed the new prime minister by William I. Charles X- Younger brother of Louis XVII and the last of the bourbon dynasty of France. Louis XVII- Made king at the congress of vienna. He tried to increase the king's power during his reign. Louis Phillipe- "Citizen King." He was a bourgeoisie monarch who was the first king to dress like the meddle class. He created censorship and outlawed labor unions. Guiseppe Garibaldi- He was an Italina patriot who helped rease a army of one thousand volunteers called the red shirts because of their attire. Charles Talleyrand- He was a french diplomat who worked successfully under the regime of Louis XVI through the French Revolution. Florence Nightingale- "The Lady with a Lamp" She was the leader of the British nurses and helped found the International Red Cross. Louis Napolean- He was president of the Second French Republic and was the nephew and heir of Napoleon I. Victor Emmanuel II- He was the ruler of Sardinia and his main goal was to drive Austria out of Northern Italy.

Timeline: 1814- Congress of Vienna meets to create balance of power. 1830- Liberals overthrow Charles X and establish a constitutional monarchy in France. 1848- Revolutions sweep through Europe. 1849- Austria reestablishes control over Lombardy. 1852- Second Empire begins in France. 1861- Kingdom of Italy proclaimed. 1867- The British North America Act is passed. 1870- Franco-Prussian War begins. 1871- William I becomes kaiser of a united Germany.